Adapazari
The City of Adpazari underwent substantial damage during the August 17, 1999, Kocaeli earthquake. The earthquake reconnaissance team revisited Adapazari after the November 12, 1999 event to investigate the effects of repeated earthquakes. The damage from the November 12, 1999 earthquake was found to be much smaller than that of August 17, 1999. In November 1999, there were however 4 casualties and 168 injured in Adapazari.
Figure 1. This building experienced 1.5 m of settlement at the corner shown during the August earthquake. Re-measurements indicated no additional movement (11/19/1999, N 40.77997, E 30.39412).
Figure 2. Jar on wall adjacent to building in above photo. Jar was not toppled by November earthquake, giving indication of limited severity of shaking (11/19/1999, N 40.77997, E 30.39412).
Figure 3. This building experienced 23 cm of lateral displacement (to the right) and 22 cm of settlement during the August earthquake. Concrete in the foreground of the picture is the repaired sidewalk. No new cracking of concrete observed, indicating no ground deformation from November earthquake (11/19/1999, N 40.78467, E 30.39984)
Figure 4. Some buildings damaged by the August earthquake are being retrofit with steel bracing around columns (11/19/1999, N 40.785, E 30.413)
Figure 5. One of two adjacent buildings that underwent liquefaction-induced bearing capacity failure during August earthquake. The neighboring building has been demolished (11/19/99, N 40.77486, E 30.40890).
Figure 6. View across area where many buildings collapsed during August earthquake (11/19/1999, N 40.775, E 30.409)
Figure 7. View of area at same location as previous picture shortly after the August earthquake (8/31/99, N 40.775, E 30.409)
Figure 8. Sand boil apparently caused by either the November 12, 1999 mainshock or the November 11 aftershock of the August earthquake. Note the boiled sand covers bricks. The bricks were laid down the week of November 1-5 during demolition of a building, so the liquefaction causing the sand boil occurred since that time (11/19/1999, N 40.77135, E 30.40795).
Figure 9. Building housing the strong motion station in Adapazari, looking west. Lateral dimensions of foundation are approximately 12 m by 31 m. There is a 5% slope down to the east at the site. (11/19/1999, N 40.73597, E 30.38113)