Bolu: November 19, 1999

Figure 1. Itinerary and location of pictures taken on November 19, 1999. The dashed line represents the reconnaissance path. The numbered dots correspond to the location of figures below.

Figure 3. The main building (Bayingirlik Veiskan Mdlugu) containing the strong motion station in Bolu had a damaged roof. The station is located at the corner of the one-floor laboratory building close to the van. The laboratory building was undamaged (November 19, 1999, 10:04:15, N 40.7458, E 31.6075).

Figure 4. The strong motion station in Bolu is mounted on a concrete block isolated from the laboratory slab. The equipment includes a modem, an uninterrupted power supply, an transmitter/recorder, and a three-axis sensor (November 19, 1999, 09:36:24, N 40.7460, E 31.6069).

Figure 5. A bookshelf was found leaning on the ground next to the recording station, with its glass broken. It is likely that the bookshelf fell down during the earthquake (Bolu, November 19, 1999, 09:51:14, N 40.7462, E 31.6071).

Figure 6. The storage floor of this three-story building in Bolu collapsed, and the building leaned sideways as it was partially supported by firewood piled under the left corner (November 19, 1999, 10:19:01, N 40.7510, E 31.6115)

Figure 7. The first floor of the apartment complex in Bolu completely collapsed (November 19, 1999, 10:31:43, N 40.7484, E 31.6122).

Figure 8. The five-story building in Bolu was damaged by fire. Several fires in Bolu reported after the earthquake were ignited by wood burning stoves (November 19, 1999, 10:33:19, N 40.7476, E 31.6121).

Figure 9. Complete collapsed of building in downtown Bolu (November 19, 1999, 12:19:04, N 40.7371, E 31.6032).

Figure 10. Most of the buildings of this apartment complex in downtown Bolu collapsed, and one building lost one of its aisles (November 19, 1999, 12:02:27, N 40.7377, E 31.6080).

Figure 11. In the old town of Bolu, many old wooden structures with masonry infills were left undamaged by the earthquake (November 19, 1999, 14:20:27, N 40.7307, E 31.6095).

Figure 12. Shear failure of the corner column of an apartment building under construction in the old town of Bolu (November 19, 1999, 14:23:27, N 40.7292, E 31.6122).

Figure 13. The garage floor of these four four-story apartments buildings in Bolu collapsed (November 19, 1999, 15:53:10, N 40.7483, E 31.5905).

 Figure 14. One of the buildings of the apartment complex, which was under construction at the time of the earthquake, appeared slightly damaged from the distance. However, its garage floor collapsed as the other buildings in the complex (November 19, 1999, 15:57:22, N 40.7481, E 31.5901).

Figure 15. One of the inhabitants of the apartment buildings survived the fall of the apartment building (November 19, 1999, 15:59:09, N 40.7478, E 31.5902).

 Figure 16. Shear failure of the column in the garage space under one of the apartment buildings in Bolu (November 19, 1999, 15:51:49, N 40.7480, E 31.5905).

Figure 17. The rebars in the building columns were smooth and had no confinement (November 19, 1999, 15:58:12, N 40.7481, E 31.5901).

Figure 18. The rebars of the beam column connection were exposed in one of the damaged apartment buildings in Bolu (November 19, 1999, 15:52:44, N 40.7482, E 31.5905).

Figure 19. The garage floor of the four-story apartment building in Bolu collapsed, and the building dropped down (November 19, 1999, 16:04:23, N 40.7488, E 31.5908).

Figure 20. The first floor of the five-story apartment building collapsed and the building leaned sideways (November 19, 1999, 16:13:14, N 40.7486, E 31.6070),

Figure 21. One of the school buildings in Bolu underwent structural damage (November 19, 1999, 16:24:08, N 40.7446 , E 31.6158)

Figure 22. Damaged column-beam connection of the school building in Bolu (November 19, 1999, 16:14:13, N 40.7488, E 31.6075).

Figure 23. Tent camps were erected in the open space between apartment buildings in Bolu (November 19, 1999, 16:14:15, N 40.7488, E 31.6075).